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 بيئة الاعمال في المملكة العربية السعودية

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عدد المساهمات : 53
تاريخ التسجيل : 06/07/2011

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مُساهمةموضوع: بيئة الاعمال في المملكة العربية السعودية   بيئة الاعمال في المملكة العربية السعودية Icon_minitimeالإثنين ديسمبر 19, 2011 12:07 pm

السلام عليكم ورحمة الله وبركاتة


الى كل محبي إدراة الاعمال ولكل طلاب إدراة الاعمال بحث مفصل عن بيئة الاعمال والحاله الاقتصادية في المملكة العربية السعودية

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Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Arab
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Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Arab country with a monarchy located in the Arabian Peninsula and account for three-fifths of the area, bordered to the north of Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, on the east UAE, Qatar and the Persian Gulf, and south of the Sultanate of Oman and Yemen. And on the west the Red Sea.
Characterized by the Arabian Peninsula, is strategically located between three continents and a major fall in the northern half of the planet is home to many civilizations, the cradle of the heavenly messages. Has flourished within the borders of the Kingdom of civilizations said some of the Qur'an such as the debtor, in addition to the civilization of Thamud in Ela and their impact is still present even today in the area known as Madain Salih, Najran and find the groove in which the Koran, who spoke for the owners of the groove.
In this island, which was an important commercial corridor and a way for the convoys and the spread of Islam in the heart of the Arabian Peninsula and later spread to other parts of the world until he reached Africa, Asia, and part of Europe over the centuries the prosperity of the Islamic Caliphate.
And passed hundreds of years in which countries have emerged, and still states, and the Muslims, in turn cultural history, which is expressed by the modern human civilization from the dark ages, and the spread of Islam in various parts of the earth. Although the driving time away from the city of Medina and the Arabian Peninsula in general, has produced effects played a role in place after the events of the holy lands has been a destination for pilgrims and visitors.

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History of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
During the reign of Prince Mohammad bin Saud appeared Salafi da'wah and logo that is no god but God and Mohammed is the Messenger of Allah calling for unification of the pure phase, whichbelieves that it is shirk and innovation, appeared this call, we findunder the rule of Al Saud and Sheikh Mohammed bin AbdulWahhab was the first in Dir'iya and continued expansion AbuDir'iya even covering the whole area, in 1818 --1 233 AH wentthe old army consisting of soldiers dairy ordered Muhammad AliPasha, but he did not continue with only a year and some of the year, then returned to it again after the death of his brother,Abdullah bin Faisal, and that was in 1306 e / 1888,. And enteredthe field in this period, Prince Mohammed bin Rashid, Emir ofHail as the one who established control over a significant portionof the Arabian peninsula and the Ottoman government wasstrongly supported in Astana to stand in the face of Al-Saud. And ended the second period of the mandate of the Imam FaisalAbdul Rahman to leave Riyadh with his family and then proceed to Qatar to Bahrain and then to Kuwait and was among themembers of his family one of his sons Abdul Aziz, who was in the second decade of life. Once in Abdul Aziz with his father to Kuwait until he began considering a return to Riyadh.
Able to enter the King Abdul Aziz in Riyadh on the fifth day of the month of Shawwal 1319 AH January 17, 1902 AD. He was able to open Riyadh, and overcomes his opponents Al Rasheed, were also able to Abdul Aziz included Ahsa, Qatif, the rest of Nejd and Hejaz at the hands of the Brotherhood under the leadership of Sultan bin Bejad between 1913-1926. And Abdul Aziz became the eighth of January 1926 King of Hijaz, and knew the kingdom after the name of Kingdom of Hijaz and Najd and accessories. In 1934, war broke out with Yemen over annexation of the territory of Asir and Jzemn Empty Quarter desert. Was released in September 23, 1932 AD 21 Jumada II 1351 (H) Standardization of the Royal Decree provinces of the State which has become under this Decree to the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, and this has become history after the National Day of the Kingdom. Take over the rule of King Abdullah Bin Abdul Aziz Al Saud, King of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
Not clear milestones Abdulaziz military force and political supremacy in economic terms, even the discovery of oil in the country in 1938. Software development and modernization, which was delayed due to World War II in 1939, and began in earnest in 1946. Contributed to the oil boom in the Saudi economy and business deals with the international community.
Abdul Aziz took the global policy of neutrality. He refused to join the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia to the League of Nations, and that from 1916 until his death in 1953 did not come out of the kingdom only three formal occasions, one of which was his meeting with U.S. President Roosevelt. Was later on realized the importance of Abdul Aziz and realistic political community was the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia in 1945, one of the founding members of the League of Arab States also joined the United Nations.
Such as the death of Abdul Aziz in 1953, he realized the difficulties that could face the kingdom after him, so he qualifies his eldest son Saud to become king after him in collaboration with his brother Faisal, who characterized him and his policies of economic diplomacy.
Saud took over the throne after the death of his father, Abdul Aziz in 1953. In 1960 came the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia to economic risks because of the economic policy of Saud unbalanced. Result of the piece met the sons of Abdul Aziz and some scientists have decided to remove from power peacefully handed over to the Saud and Faisal. And left the Kingdom of Saud to the State of Greece, and died there and is the reign of King Faisal and Faisal himself an Arab and an Islamic code in light of his valiant of the Islamic world issues and the issue of Palestine and the position of the oil. King Faisal was assassinated in 1975 by his nephew, called Faisal bin assistant. Followed Faisal to rule his brother, King Khalid was his which lasted seven years have followed expansion and achievements and to improve relations and evolved Kingdom in the economy and many use the oil in his reign, has been faced with courage Juhayman and his followers from the occupation of the Grand Mosque was the opening of King Khaled International Airport, and his reign the shortest reign of covenants Kingdom, even now, but followed the achievements written in his article, and died in 1982, following a heart attack and was followed by his brother King Fahd in his time entered the country in the upswing by virtue of its culture and its relationship with excellent Amricaotad phase, the longest in the history of Saud and the most events since the time of his brother Faisal and included his interest in the Two Holy Shrines Tusathma and his death was 2005. He took after him, King Abdullah bin Abdul Aziz.


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Geography
The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia in the bulk of the peninsula and the most prominent surface features include the following:
Sarwat Mountains in the west, and extends along the country from north to south, and is called the northern section of the middle section debtor and the Hijaz, Asir, including the southern part,and goes high at the highest point of about 3680 m above sea level.
Narrow coastal plain called Tihama, separated by SarwatMountains and the Red Sea.
Najd Plateau, a vast rocky plateau lies to the east of the mountains of the Hijaz and the height ranges between 320 m and 1200 m, Nafud sand interspersed with narrow valleys and alsopenetrate from the north to the south, and there is a mountain in the north Aja and Salma.
A broad coastal plain in the east, dominated by drought, with the exception of two major Ahtin Ahsa, Qatif, and this area was oncecalled the region of Bahrain.
Seas of sand is inhabited mainly the Empty Quarter in the south of the country, and allow more significant in the north, and upbetween them a narrow strip of sand called Nafud Dahna desert.
1300 belonged to the Kingdom of the island, including 1150islands in the Red Sea and 150 islands in the Persian Gulf, the most important of the Knights Islands near Jizan and Tarot Islandnear Qatif.
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THE SURFACE
The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia in the south-west of the continent of Asia extended over an area of approximately 2.27 million km ², equivalent to about four-fifths of the Arabian Peninsula, an area of approx. It is bordered by the Red Sea to the west and north of Jordan and the Republic of Iraq, Kuwait, and Middle Persian Gulf, Qatar and the United Arab Emirates and the Sultanate of Oman, on the south by the Republic of Yemen. The length of the borders of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia from all sides, including 6.760 km 4.430 km land border and 2330 km of coastal boundaries.
And mostly dry on the territory of the country free from rivers or waterways permanent. Although the dry valleys in most parts of flood water after rainstorms, but the actual value of water is weak, either because of evaporation, either due to leakage into the ground.
The Saudi territory geographically museum includes many forms of terrain from the mountains and plateaus and volcanic cones and are free and deep valleys and coastal plains are low and the veins of sand and coral islands. Consists of those physical manifestations of most of the rocks known. And surface features can be divided in the country into four geographic regions of the natural key:
The mountains of the Hijaz and Asir
Najd plateau.
Sandy deserts
The eastern coastal plain.
[Edit] the mountains of the Hijaz and Asir
It consists of ancient igneous rocks and metamorphic or covered in some parts Aharat volcanic. And extends along the Red Sea coastal plain and a length of 1700 km from the Gulf of Aqaba and the border with Jordan in the north to the border with Yemen to the south. They descend sharply to the west and gradually towards the east, and narrow in the north, but it expands to the south a width between 40 and 240 km. Featuring the mountains to be going in chains parallel and bearing the names of several, where it is known the northern part of the mountains of the Hijaz, because it is reserved between the coastal plain and in the Arabian Peninsula, and is called the southern part of the mountains of Asir, the hardship overcome, severity, and her nakedness, and know their ranges high as the mountains of Sarawat or Sarat Asir, where the rise in the country's highest peak on Mount Souda near the city of Abha to 3678 m above sea level. And down from the mountains of Asir and Hijaz valleys hundreds of the most famous valleys of Najran, Jizan, Bisha, Fatima, and garnet and Alrma. Including what is paid to the sea and the waters of which flow the water towards the inside. The valleys of these basins are characterized as essential centers for agricultural activity because the floods, which are the carry large amounts of silt.


Plateau, we find
Najd plateau occupies the center of the country, stretching over an area of 482 thousand km ². And consists of the western section of rock crystalline, metamorphic, and includes Mount Shammar, which rises to more than 1,300 m above sea level, and consists of Ntuan Ckrien heading from the north-east to south-west and between the fertile plain and abundant water currently 70 km is located the city of Hail. The eastern section is the most important, consists of sedimentary rocks and sand and limestone layers contain water-bearing underground tells an important agricultural lands in the areas of Qassim, Sudair and tattoos and the viewer and output, and springs, among others.The mountains of collarette in this section, the backbone of the hill and find the most prominent phenomenon of the terrain, the mountains of the longest wall is related to the rocky ribs on the surface of the earth Alkwysta where up to 1,100 km in length extending from north to south. And pave the plateau, we find many of the valleys than the lengths of some of the most famous valleys hundreds of kilometers: Hanifa and subcontractors, and Sarhan. And to the east of the plateau, we find a range of hills stretching the most important of the Golan Heights Aldbdbh Alsman and gravel consisting of sandstone and clay.
[Edit] sandy deserts


Empty Quarter
Sand covering large areas of the country is due to inhibition of sculpture and erosion and sedimentation and soft fragmented rock formed lowlands in the form of sediment basins filled with sand. One of the main sandy deserts of the following:
Khali basin is low and wide of the largest sand desert on earth as it related to an area of 640 thousand km ² extending from the highlands of the Hijaz and Asir highlands in the west to Oman in the east, and north to the plateau, we find the border with Yemen to the south. In spite of the harsh natural environment in this region and the absence of human activity, but it is full of riches huge oil and natural gas and radioactive minerals, sand, glass and solar energy, which is no longer free as the name suggests this, as the infested centers and stations, the national oil company and roam the planes and cars veiled skies and land for mineral savings.
Dahna desert to San desert extends from the Empty Quarter and the surrounding plateau, we find from the east heading towards the north and a length of 1200 km and a wider range between 25-80 km. Dahna and consists of red sand dunes parallel breaks in between rocky.
Nafud great desert to the north of the country, an area of 56.320 km ², which is hollow and filled with a large sand and rocky areas, sandwiched between the solid parts of the hills. Featuring longitudinal desert sand dunes known as red veins. And he crossed the eastern part of the famous pilgrimage route Darb Zubaydah link between Iraq and the Hijaz.
[Edit] the eastern coastal plain
The length of the coastal plain of Saudi Persian Gulf about 500 km rate is currently 60 km. And is characterized as low or much higher than sea level, and therefore abound in which land and salt marshes and sand hills. And water are adjacent to the Gulf Coast as a shallow, which led to the emergence of bays and capes, and the coral reefs, and to the rich fish and pearls, who form the livelihood for the population of the region for many centuries.However, the region gained the advantage of great economic strategy after the discovery of oil, since oil fields containing marine, land, and one of the largest known oil reserves in the world. And follows the coastal plain towards the interior plains of Al-Ahsa consisting of sand and gravel-rich water springs and wells that irrigate agricultural areas importa

Climate
Varied climate in Saudi Arabia from region to region due toMtdad spaces Kingdom degrees Showing spaced at differentaltitudes and lows from one place to another but is noticeable on the climate of the Kingdom in general, it is very hot in summervery cold winter; because most of the territory of the Kingdom is located in the territory of the region exposure to hot and coldwinds, so temperatures in the winter.
In the center of the country, climate is continental, winter cold andsummer heat and drought (48 ° C in Riyadh and the relative humidity does not exceed 9% in July), while the coastal areasVstaaha is characterized by warm summers and stronglytemperature and humidity. As in the highlands of Asir atmospherecharacterized by a mild summer and cold in the winter and the atmosphere accompanied by fog, with torrential rain throughout the summer months. The rest of the country where the rain and fallunevenly between the public and the other in the winter monthsand early spring due to adverse wind.


Religions in Saudi Arabia
Islam is the official religion in Saudi Arabia, 85-90% of the population of the Kingdom of the Sunnis and the group (four schools). There is also a Shi'ite minorities represent 10-15%based mostly in the eastern region (known Balatnaaharih) and theother in the Najran area (known in Ismailia).
Administrative division
Saudi Arabia is divided into 13 districts called (administrative region) or (Dubai):
Riyadh - the seat of the emirate - Riyadh, the capital
Eastern Region - the seat of the emirate - Dammam
Makkah region - the seat of the emirate - Mecca
Asir region - the seat of the emirate - Abha
Al-Baha - the seat of the emirate - Patio
The northern border - the seat of the emirate - Arar
Al-Jouf - the seat of the emirate - Skaka
Madinah - the seat of the emirate - Medina
Qassim region - the seat of the emirate - Buraidah
Hail - the seat of the emirate - Hail
Jazan - the seat of the emirate - Jazan
Najran - the seat of the emirate - Najran
Tabuk - the seat of the emirate – Tabuk
The most important cities

The number of cities of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is some 14 cities around:
Mecca - the holy city and kiss the Muslims and is located on the western side. Its population is estimated at more than a millionand a half people.
Medina - the holy city and the incubator for the Mosque of the Messenger of God and found the tomb of the Prophet of Islam
And embrace this most holy city's most famous Islamic mosquesof Quba mosque, the Mosque of Aqsa Mosque. And an estimated population of more than one million people withthousands of visitors which, located west of the city in the Kingdom.
Riyadh - the capital and seat of government and located in thecenter of the kingdom. The estimated population of more than five million people.
Jeddah - the second largest city of Saudi Arabia. The estimated population of more than three million people. The economic capital of the kingdom is also the gate of the Two Holy Mosques.
Dammam - located on the east coast. Is a port of the country'seast, overlooking the Persian Gulf. And discovered the first oil well is called good and well after the discovery grew Dammam and Azkt Management Center became important oil fields (bothin the marine waters of the Gulf, or land in the deserts of the Empty Quarter and Dahna) and the estimated population of more than one million people.
عرض • نقاش • تعديلعرض • نقاش • تعديلمدن المملكة العربية السعودية الكبرى
المصدر؟


ترتيب المدينة
المنطقة عدد السكان

1 الرياض
الرياض
6,500,000
2 جدة
مكة
4،000،000
3 مكة
مكة
1,800,000
4 المدينة
المدينة
1,600,000
5 الدمام
الشرقية
1,300,000
6 تبوك
تبوك
800,000
7 بريدة
القصيم
600,000
8 خميس مشيط
عسير
1,300,000
9 أبها
عسير
500,000
10 الخبر
الشرقية
400,000

Calendar of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Kingdom in its history based on the lunar calendar, the officialdocument to the migration of Prophet Muhammad peace be upon him from Mecca to Medina. The Hijri lunar year (354 days) is divided into twelve lunar months (used in festivals and religious events), but companies in the Kingdom based on the Gregorian calendar.
Weekend holidays in the Kingdom on Thursday and Friday, a holiday Eid al-Fitr and Eid al-Adha holiday and "pilgrimage", and the National Day which falls on September 23 (1 balance) per annum.

Education in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia"
Education in the Kingdom is divided into two parts:
The first is public education and is divided into three phases
Primary school consists of six academic years.
The middle stage consists of three academic years.
High school and consists of three academic years.
The second, higher education and consists of
Undergraduate Bachelor of fun.
University study for master's degree.
University study for a doctorate.
There is also a specialized education in the elementary stage in the memorization of the Koran, as well as intermediate and secondary education, and industrial and commercial education and agricultural education.
Overseen by the Ministry of Education on the stages of public education. It also oversees the Ministry of Higher Education on the stages of university education. The new system was 1424, which requires testing of all students in the last year of high school aptitude test is done in universities by the Center for Measurement and development (measure). The test measures the areas of linguistic and quantitative (mathematical). In addition to the issuance of another resolution adopted by the universities which perform another test to applicants for Health Specialties and engineering this is called the test and achievement test administered by the test center (measure) is also a measure of the level of students in 5 materials (English Mathematics Physics Chemistry and Biology).
Kingdom also issued several years ago a project server Aharmyin Foreign Scholarship Program, a huge and ambitious The number of scholarships of 40 000 scholarship in all countries of the world.


Culture and social life.
Strengthened and developed Saudi culture within the framework of legislation and the teachings of Islam, one of Ashraf and the most sacred parts of the world, Mecca and Medina are located in the territory of Saudi Arabia, every day in the times of prayer five call for prayer, Muslims face to pray in mosques scattered across the country, on Thursday and Friday are the days of holidays in the country.
Uniform Saudi official for men is a long shirt made of cotton Oalsof claim gown, Bladhafah to shemaghs is a piece of cloth made of cotton and planned Blahmr and prove to the head Balakal Black, or ghutra It is a piece of white cloth made of light cotton, both worn on the head. In some formal occasions, weddings Kloaaad some Saudis prefer to add to the above wear besht Ooualemhalah. Traditional Islamic dress of Saudi is a black cap that covers the body and called the abaya Bladhafah veil to cover the head and sometimes the veil.
Saudi Arabia prohibits eating pork and drinking liquor of all kinds is strictly prohibited, depending on the vision of Islamic law is the bread and rice dishes from the task at every meal with each dish.Of the famous dishes in Saudi Arabia is the pans, as well as Ghozi and Mandi. Arabic coffee is one of the most important traditions of Saudi society and one of the most important aspects of hospitality, which are usually presented with the dates and types, which differ greatly mismatch diabetes, and other Algosaima Bladhafah to al-Balah. The tea, as well as the Arab, which is often mixed with mint one of the habits of the Saudi society, which is drunk in the informal meetings between friends and family to the official meetings Khvlat engagement and wedding.
One of the famous national customs in Saudi Arabia, and practiced collectively, are vulnerable, they are considered a National dance in Saudi Arabia, Arda is a dance with swords inspired by ancient Bedouin traditions accompanied by beating drums and singing traditional poems. Arda Najd is a set of dances Filkoria and each region in Saudi Arabia a certain way, including the vulnerability of Najd, Arda Najd is the product of the evolution of a tradition of an old Arab known to the Arabs since the ignorance of war, although there are no provisions in the heritage of the old Arab, through which connection between them and the reality Arda known today, but noticeable, and very clearly, that was the basic pillars of vulnerability inherent to war since the ignorance, Vatabol knocks since ancient times in the war, and carrying a sword, and hair enthusiastic an essential element of the war. The vulnerability of Najd and is known as an art of war was played by the people, we find after the victory in battle, before the unification of parts of the country when the war was prevalent in the Arabian Peninsula. It supplies the color of the art banner and swords and guns to Mnhdi poems of war, while there is a group of campaign drums, beaten by the pace compatible with the singing classes, and called on the owners of drummers who stand in the rear drums of fermentation, while those who were in the middle, they who perform the dances, especially the drums Alarcab, and there is center-aligned carrier Albayrak (flag). will be held in our Alhadharaerdh Najd in the seasons of festivals and celebrations and national events attended by the Saudi king and princes and citizens.
Bladhafah There are also prone to Riqshaldhh, and deployed in the north of the country and in Jordan, too, as well as Shbh, famous in the Hijaz, and was originally inspired by the ancient Arab Andalusia in Mecca, Medina and Jeddah, dance and singing is accompanied by rhythms bassoon. Drum is also one of the important musical instruments in Saudi Arabia popular dances.
Economy in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
The Saudi economy has witnessed a historic development, such as the mid-seventies of the twentieth century as a result ofincreased oil production and revenues. The increased quantities of crude oil from 3.8 million barrels per day in 1390 AH, 1970, to reach the peak rate of 9.5 million barrels per day in the year 1399AH, 1979, and then swinging production up and down in the following years to reach 6.4 million barrels in 1411 H, 1990, and reached to about 5.8 million barrels per day in 2000. And Saudi Arabia, a member of the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC).
This development led to very rapid growth of the national economy. Perhaps the greatest indicator of this is the doubling ofgross national product of more than 33 times in 28 years, itjumped the value of goods and services produced by the countryof 4.4 billion U.S. dollars in 1389 AH, 1969, to about $ 248 billionin 1420 / 1421 e, 2000 , which enabled the country to adopt and implement development plans ambitious five-year since in 1390AH, 1970, focused in the directions the main establishment ofinfrastructure, manpower development, diversifying sources ofnon-oil economy, with the development of other productive sectors such as manufacturing, mining and agriculture.



Natural Resources
Oil and natural gas from the most important natural resources in the country, as have the fortune of their fixed reserves of oil and260.5 billion barrels of natural gas 180.5 trillion cubic feet, a record even in 1411, 1990, in addition to that there are a variety ofmineral wealth has was detected 4.200 reservoir metal includedgold (reserves of 9.5 million tons from the proportion of the pillars of gold from 2.5 to 27 g / ton), silver, copper, zinc, lead, iron, aluminum and rare metals, uranium and industrial minerals, phosphates, coal and raw materials for construction.

Industry in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
The structure of industrial production in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and the two main basic industries (heavy) and manufacturing (medium).
Basic industries depend mostly on oil to provide the raw materials. The funding and operation of the public sector due to the large size of their investments, technologically advanced and intensive consumption of energy. The production of these industries in the refineries of oil and 652 million barrels annually, and in the petrochemical industry as well as heavy metals, which amounted to 14 million tons produced in 1411 AH, 1990.
Manufacturing consists of a diverse range of industries such as food, construction materials, chemical industry and various metal.And have these industries managed by the private sector who receives from the state on a number of financial incentives and encouragement, such as industrial loans, long-term interest-free, and lease land for factories and workers' housing in industrial zones equipped with full facilities and services at nominal prices, and give preference to national products at the purchase of state institutions and exemption types of all taxation, except for the Islamic Zakat which is calculated by 2.5% of the capital if one year has passed (he passed a whole year).
The number of producing factories in the manufacturing sector with investments of about 2300 plant U.S. $ 26 billion and operates 150 thousand employees. The industrial exports (excluding petroleum products) to U.S. $ 3.3 billion petrochemical products were distributed between 77% and mineral products other manufacturing 23% in the year 1411 AH, 1990.


Agriculture in Saudi Arabia
Has made agricultural development in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia a major development in a short period, despite the many handicaps Kqlh rainfall and limited ground water, and the small national agricultural labor, agricultural land and scattered among the sand dunes and desert plateaus and highlands and valleys.However, great efforts have been made to revive the agricultural sector such as distribution of free land fallow agricultural investors, and provide long-term agricultural loans without interest, and purchase state of the crops, especially the strategic grain from farmers at high prices and so on. All of these efforts the country moved from the stage of importing most of its food to the two phases of self-sufficiency and export of certain types of food commodities such as wheat. The total production of wheat in 1991 about 3.8 million tons after it was no more than 3,000 tons in 1970. And doubled the cultivated area about four times in 17 years increased at a of 385 thousand ha in 1393 H, 1973, to about 1.4 million ha in 1411 H, 1990, distributed over 73% of grain, vegetables, fruits and fodder 27%.
And concentrated more than half the cultivated area (57%) in the central region Bamarta Riyadh and Qassim, followed by the south-western region (19%) in the emirates of Jizan, Asir, Najran and Baha, and the northern region (13%) in the emirates of Hail, Tabuk and Jouf The rest of the cultivated area (11 %) on the western and eastern regions, respectively. And exports of food commodities such as wheat, dates, eggs and poultry meat, milk and some vegetables nearly two million tons in 1411 AH, 1990.
There are various elements of the livestock in the country where the estimated number of 7.8 million head of sheep and goats, some 4.4 million head of camels and 422 thousand head of cattle and about 204 thousand head. Established and active industry to catch fish catches amounted to about 49.920 tons of domestic, have been exporting nearly half abroad in 1415, 1994.



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